Cybersecurity and Global Governance

Between Budapest and the United Nations Proposal

Abstract

The article compares the Council of Europe’s Cybercrime Convention with the United Nations’ proposal. The Convention offers harmonized criminal procedures and swift operational cooperation, but its regional scope and technocratic orientation limit its legitimacy and reinforce punitive approaches. The UN proposal seeks universal legitimacy and a stronger human rights focus, yet faces significant political and operational challenges. The article advocates for a hybrid governance model that combines technical interoperability, robust human rights safeguards, and inclusive multilevel mechanisms to reduce inequalities and strengthen cybersecurity as a tool for cooperation and justice.